RULE id: śrutis (95)
SOURCE: brihaddesi_sharma_1992 (vol_I_p007, vol_I_p015, vol_I_p016, vol_I_p020, vol_I_p031...)
SCOPE: technical_term family, Brihaddesi (Mātaṅga ~750 CE)
CONCEPT: śrutis
STATUS: empirical

ASSERTIONS:
  - [relation] Śruti is defined and enumerated in number, with visual representation demonstrated through Mandala-prastāra
    -- p.vol_I_p007 "Section III: Sruti The definition of śruti and its numeration The demonstration of visual representation of srutis by Mandala-prastāra"
  - [relation] Venu and other instruments accept ninefold śruti
    -- p.vol_I_p015 "Others Venu etc. accept ninefold śruti."
  - [enumeration] There are multiple competing theories about the number of śrutis: twenty-two, sixty-six, or infinite
    -- p.vol_I_p015 "some resolute ones whose intellect has become 'fleshy' 16 (gross as opposed to subtle) on account of mimansa (reflection, examination) accept twenty-two śrutis."
  - [definition] Śruti is the measure of difference in pañcama through augmentation and diminution, or through softness and extension.
    -- p.vol_I_p016 "The difference of that (pañcama) through utkarşa 20 (augmentation) and apakarşa 21 (diminution) through mārdava 22 (lit. softness) and āyatatva 23 (lit. the sta"
  - [enumeration] Śrutis are conceived in multiple ways: some hold twenty-two śrutis, others differentiate them into sixty-six, and others propound their infinity.
    -- p.vol_I_p016 "Some who are adept in the knowledge of śrutis, speak of twenty-two śrutis; some (speak of them) as being differentiated into sixty-six. Others propound their in"
  - [structural] Śrutis have imperceptible parts and do not appear as being composed of parts
    -- p.vol_I_p020 "śruti has imperceptible parts and hence it does not appear as being composed of parts."
  - [enumeration] Svaras are classified by the number of śrutis they comprise: four śrutis (brāhmaņas), three śrutis (kṣatriyas), two śrutis (vaisyas)
    -- p.vol_I_p031 "चतुःश्रुतिस्वरा विप्रास्त्रिश्रुती क्षत्रियौ मतौ। वैश्यौ द्विश्वतिकौ"
  - [structural] Gandhāra and niṣāda are each comprised of two śrutis
    -- p.vol_I_p039 "two (svaras) that are comprised of two śrutis (each) (viz. gandhāra and niṣāda)"
  - [structural] A svara should be sounded in three registers with the same number of śrutis as originally composed
    -- p.vol_I_p054 "(A svara) should be made (sounded) in the three registers with the same number of śrutis 35 as it is composed of (originally)."
  - [structural] Nine śrutis constituting a triad of svaras with proportions of four, three, and two śrutis form a basic group
    -- p.vol_I_p088 "the nine srutis constituting this triad of svaras of four, three and two śrutis is accepted here as a basic group"
  - [structural] Twenty-two śrutis total are constituted by three groups of nine plus nine plus four śrutis
    -- p.vol_I_p088 "Nine plus nine of the other triad plus four of the 'middle' one would complete twenty-two śrutis"
  - [structural] The traditional rule limiting shakes to svaras with three śrutis appears to have been abandoned in certain alaṅkāras
    -- p.vol_I_p102 "Here the traditional rule of having a shake only on svaras with three śrutis seems to have been abandoned."

CITED_RULES:
  - mandala-prastāra  (relation)
  - apakarşa  (definition)
  - mārdava  (definition)
  - niṣāda  (structural)
  - pañcama  (definition)
  - shake  (structural)
  - svaras  (enumeration)
  - svaras  (structural)
  - utkarşa  (definition)
  - venu  (relation)
  - āyatatva  (definition)

CONFIDENCE: empirical
PROTECT: false