Kāmboja is identified as Afghanistan
"Kāmboja is identified as Afghanistan"
<sup>311</sup>
VIMARŠA
<sup>22</sup>,23. Nāga and kinnara are names of ethnic groups. Our text is the
first one to mention ethnic names in the context of music.
24. Paurāla is not a known geographical name. One approximate
name is paurava, "a country on the eastern bank of the jhelam including the
Gujrat district, the original seat of the Purus, the kingdom of Porus who
fought with Alexander " (Nando Lal De). Purālī was an ancient name of
Travancore (ibid).
25. Harşapūra is not known as a geographical name.
26. \bar{A}bh\bar{i}ra is both a geographical and ethnic name. It is identified as
"the south-eastern portion of Gujrat about the mouths of the Narmada"
(Nando Lal De).
27. 'Samyoga' is another expression for sancara or sangati.
28. Kāmboja is identified as Afghanistan (Nando Lal De).
29. Sātavāhana or Sātavāha is "the name of a king fabled to have been
discovered, when a child, riding a Gandharva called Sāta, who, according to
one legend, was changed into a lion" (Monier Williams). Also known as
Sālivāhana, the Śaka ruler who founded the Śaka era i.e samvat.
30. Gāndhāra and niṣāda are implied.
31. Chāyā is used while describing the resemblance of one rāga with
another at a given point.
32. Kākalī is prescribed to be always sparse in the grāma system. The
prescription here of kākalī being frequent is a notable departure.
33. Again the ethnic name kinnara appears here. See notes 22,23.
34. The basic name is hindola or hindolaka meaning a swing; its
synonym is sometimes used to meet the exigency of metre.
<sup>35</sup>. See note <sup>26</sup>.
36. Gāndharva is a rigorously guarded tradition. The inclusion of
bhāṣā in this corpus is incongruous, unless gāndharva is taken to stand for
music in general.
37. "Mangala - called also Mangali or Mangalapura, the capital of
Udyāna, identified by Wilford with Mangora or Manglora. Cunningham
thought it could be identified with Minglaur (Mangalore) " (Nando Lal
De).
38. The word samvāda has been used here again for sancara or sangati.
39. The origin of this vibhāṣā is traced directly to pañcama rāga, where
as it should really be related to a bhāṣā of that rāga. It is treated as a bhāṣā
in SR and S Rāj.
40. Gändhärapañcama has been mentioned here under pañcama.
41. "Dākṣiṇātya is identified with Deccan; that part of India that lies