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177
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VIMARŚA
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85. Assigning a seer to each svara is, again, an extension of the Vedic
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tradition.
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86. The association of rasas with svaras is reproduced from NS XXVII, 103 cd-
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105 ab.
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87. The location of svaras in the human body as described here is quite
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different from the seven sthanas discussed above in note No. 63.
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88. 'Desi' here stands for the manifest realm of sound.
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Section V ( Grāma-mūrchanā )
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1. Grāma is not just any group of svaras, it is a specific grouping which is the
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basis of the perception of śruti and is also a fundamental categorisation of
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melodies with the consonance of fifth between sa-pa and with the consonance
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of fourth between ri-pa.
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2. The analogy of a village inherent in the word grāma is being made
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explicit. BrD is the only text that has explained this point.
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3. NŚ does not mention gāndhāra-grāma; Dattilam (11) and Nā Ši (1.2.6,7)
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do mention it; Dattilam clearly states that it is not to be found here in this world.
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( See glossary )
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4. The statement that svaras are born of Sāmaveda should be viewed
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alongwith the backdrop of the common belief and oft-repeated platitude that
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Indian music is born of Sāmaveda. When something is said to be the origin of
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another thing, the general impression is that the origin precedes in time the
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thing born of it. But in the case of music this impression could not hold good. It
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would be absurd to say that there was no music among the people before
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Sāmaveda became formalised or codified. The balanced view would be that
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Sāmavedic music was the first to be codified and the codification of the music
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of the people came later and that the 'vision' that inspired or guided the Vedic
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codification continued to guide the later codification. The statement of our
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author that svaras are born of Sāmaveda matches the statement in NŚ (I,17)
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that gita (music) was taken by Brahmä from Sāmaveda, just as pāthya (text)
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was taken from Rgueda, abhinaya (gesture) from Yajurveda and rasa from
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Atharvaveda. To go a step further it would be pertinent to say that the mention
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of the Vedic origin of a thing need not be taken to imply Vedic anteriority in
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time; it could be interpreted to mean that the Vedic world-view and 'vision' was
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the guiding spirit.
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5. The number 'two' given here for grāma indicates that the author, in spite
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of mentioning gandhara-grama, does not subscribe to the theory of three gramas.
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6. The objective of grāma, stated here as the systematisation of svara, śruti,
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mūrchanā, tāna, jāti and nāga is significant. Being a specific arrangement of intervals
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in terms of śruti, grāma systematises svara and śruti; the intervals established in grāma
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are strictly followed in murchana, the omission of svaras in tana is guided by the grama
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(e.g. pañcama being the distinctive svara in madhyama-grāma, cannot be omitted in the
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