vol_I_p025 — Bṛhaddeśī

Bṛhaddeśī · Volume I

pp. 1–33folio 025

Devanāgarī (Bṛhaddeśī)

[अनु. १८]

नन् चतुर्दशानां स्वराणां मध्ये आकारादीनां कथं ग्रहणम् ? सत्यमुक्तम्।

एतेषामसाधारणत्वेन ग्रहणं कृतम्। असाधारणत्वं चैतेषामूर्ध्वध्वनिगामित्वेन। यद्वा षड्जादीनां व्यञ्जनानां स्वरत्वमुक्तम्।¹¹ १ननु - - - सङ्केतमात्रमेतदुक्तं भवति। आचार्याणां परिभाषेत्यर्थः।⁴

[वाद्यादिभेदेन स्वराणां चातुर्विध्यम्]

[अनु. १९]

इदानीमवसरप्राप्तंतद्यथा— चातुर्विध्यं स्वराणां १०दर्शयामि11सन्दर्गः।

वदनाद् वादी स्वामिवत्।¹ संवदनात् संवादी अमात्यवत्।⁵

अनुवदनादनुवादी परिजनवत्।⁶ विवदनाद् विवादी शत्रुवत्।

[अनु. २०]

नन् वदनादिकं प्राणिधर्मः12नाम कथमचेतनानां स्वराणां सम्भवति ? सत्यमुक्तम्। वदनं हि नामात्राः [ राग- ] प्रतिपादकत्वं विवक्षितम्, न वचनमिति। किं तत् प्रतिपादयति ? रागस्य रागत्वं जनयति।¹⁰ ते च 14亩

वादिनः स्वराः सप्तेव।

स च वाद्यंशवद्दशविधोसरिगमप धनि। बोद्धव्यः। वादिमण्डलं यथा—

[अनु २१]

संवादिनस्तु पुनः समश्रुतिकत्वे सति² त्रयोदश नवान्तरत्वेनावबोद्धव्याः15वाऽन्योऽन्य। किं तत् संवादित्वं नाम? यद् वादिस्वरेण रागस्य रागत्वं जनितं तन्निर्वाहकत्वं नाम संवादित्वम्।⁷ संवादिमण्डलं यथा-

English — Sharma

(Anu. 18) But why are (vowels) beginning with ākāra 21 accepted out of fourteen 22 svaras? Truly has this been said. These have been accepted because of their uncommonness. Their uncommonness is because of their movement in upward sound.23 Or, the svaratva of vyanjanas beginning with şadja has been spoken of.¹¹ But .... this is said to be only a sign 24 (by convention), that is to say, (the names of svaras) are the paribhāṣā 25 (list of abbreviations or signs) used by ācāryas (teachers).⁴

[The fourfold-ness of svaras according to kinds beginning with vadin]

(Anu. 19) Now I show the fourfold-ness of svaras, that befits the occasion or context. That is thus - Vādin 26 is so because of vadana 27 (speaking), like the master.¹ The saṃvādin²⁸ is so because of saṃvadana²⁹ (supportive speaking), like the minister. The anuvādin⁵⁰ is so because of anuvadana⁵¹ (following or obedient speaking) like the attendants. Vivādin 52 is so because of vivadana 53 (opposite speaking), like the enemy. (Anu. 20) But vadana and the like are the nature (dharma) of living beings, how are they possible in insentient svaras? Truly has this been said. Vadana is here intended to mean the exposition of raga 34 (melody-matrix), not talking.³ What does it (vadana and the like) expound? It produces the ragatva 35 of raga.36¹⁰ Those vadin svaras are only seven. That vādin should be understood as tenfold like the amśa.57 The vādi-maņdala (cycle of vādins) is thus - sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni.⁹ (Anu. 21) The samvadins should again be understood according to the interval of thirteen and nine śrutis, when there is sama-śrutikatva 38 (equal interval of the two svaras concerned, in terms of number of śrutis).² What indeed is that samuāditua? The carrying forward or accomplishment⁵⁹ of the rāgatua of rāga produced by the vādi-svara is indeed samvāditva (the nature of samvādin). The samvādi-mandala is thus —

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Sanskrit attestations (9)

1.[definition] ⇄Vādin is so called because of vadana (speaking), like the master in a hierarchyवदनाद् वादी स्वामिवत्।

2.[definition] ⇄Sama-śrutikatva refers to equal interval of śrutis between two svarasसमश्रुतिकत्वे सति

4.[definition] ⇄Names of svaras function as paribhāṣā, a list of abbreviations or signs used by ācāryasसङ्केतमात्रमेतदुक्तं भवति। आचार्याणा परिभाषेत्यर्थः।

5.[definition] ⇄Saṃvādin is so called because of saṃvadana (supportive speaking), like the ministerसंवदनात् संवादी अमात्यवत्।

6.[definition] ⇄Anuvādin is so called because of anuvadana (following or obedient speaking), like attendantsअनुवदनादनुवादी परिजनवत्।

7.[definition] ⇄Saṃvāditva is the accomplishment or carrying forward of the ragatva produced by vādin svaraयद् वादिस्वरेण रागस्य रागत्वं जनितं तन्निर्वाहकत्वं नाम संवादित्वम्।

9.[enumeration] ⇄The vādi-maņdala consists of the seven svaras: sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, niवादिमण्डलं यथा— स रि ग म प धनि।

10.[relation] ⇄Ragatva is produced by the vādin svara through the exposition of ragaरागस्य रागत्वं जनयति।

11.[relation] ⇄Vyanjanas are mentioned as having svaratva (the quality of being a svara)षड्ज?ादीना व्यञ्जनाना स्वरत्वमुक्तम्।

English attestations (11)

1.[definition]Vādin is so called because of vadana (speaking), like the master in a hierarchyVādin 26 is so because of vadana 27 (speaking), like the master.

2.[definition]Sama-śrutikatva refers to equal interval of śrutis between two svarassama-śrutikatva 38 (equal interval of the two svaras concerned, in terms of number of śrutis).

3.[definition]Vadana in musical context means exposition of raga, not literal speakingVadana is here intended to mean the exposition of raga 34 (melody-matrix), not talking.

4.[definition]Names of svaras function as paribhāṣā, a list of abbreviations or signs used by ācāryasthis is said to be only a sign 24 (by convention), that is to say, (the names of svaras) are the paribhāṣā 25 (list of abbreviations or signs) used by ācāryas (teachers).

5.[definition]Saṃvādin is so called because of saṃvadana (supportive speaking), like the ministerThe saṃvādin28 is so because of saṃvadana29 (supportive speaking), like the minister.

6.[definition]Anuvādin is so called because of anuvadana (following or obedient speaking), like attendantsThe anuvādin50 is so because of anuvadana51 (following or obedient speaking) like the attendants.

7.[definition]Saṃvāditva is the accomplishment or carrying forward of the ragatva produced by vādin svaraThe carrying forward or accomplishment59 of the rāgatua of rāga produced by the vādi-svara is indeed samvāditva (the nature of samvādin).

8.[enumeration]Vādin svaras are seven in number, comprising sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, niThose vadin svaras are only seven. That vādin should be understood as tenfold like the aṁśa.57 The vādi-maņdala (cycle of vādins) is thus - sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni.

9.[enumeration]The vādi-maņdala consists of the seven svaras: sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, niThe vādi-maņdala (cycle of vādins) is thus - sa, ri, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni.

10.[relation]Ragatva is produced by the vādin svara through the exposition of ragaWhat does it (vadana and the like) expound? It produces the ragatva 35 of raga.36

11.[relation]Vyanjanas are mentioned as having svaratva (the quality of being a svara)the svaratva of vyanjanas beginning with şadja has been spoken of.

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