kuhara technical_term

⁹³ TRANSLATION (Anu. ⁷⁵) Where, having 'stayed' (stopped) for a long time at one svara in the form of șadja and the like, having touched the octave36 (tara) of that like fire and having stayed there for one (short) time-unit³⁷ (kalā), suddenly the 'low' (svara) (6) is reached, that is bindu. As - sā sa - sā. Thus is (ends) bindu. (Anu. ⁷⁶) Having touched (a svara) for the interval of one kalā (time-unit), on account of the pronunciation of (svaras) in the reverse order of bindu, (the alaṅkāra) named nivīttapravītta (comes into being). As - sā sā sā. thus ends (7) nivṛttapravṛtta. (Anu. ⁷⁷) Veņu is with seven kalās 40 (phrases) in the order of ascent and descent, like ākrīḍita 11 (playful way?). sarigamapadhani nidhapamagarisa. Thus is (ends) veņu. (8) (Anu ⁷⁸) On account of the shake of (svara having) three srutis in the lower heptad, kampita (is formed), that is composed of three kalās (time-units). As - (9) sarigamapadhanisa,42 thus is (ends) kampita. (Anu. ⁷⁹) On account of the shake of (svara having) three śrutis 43 in the middle heptad kuharita (is formed), that is composed of three kalās. As - (10) sarigamapadhanisa.44 Thus is (ends) kuharita. (Anu. ⁸⁰) On account of the shake of (svara having) three śrutis in the higher heptad, recita (is formed), that is composed of three kalās. As - (11) sarigamapadhanisa ⁴⁵ Thus is (ends) recita. (Anu. ⁸¹) Prenkholita is with fourteen kalās 16 (phrases) on account of 'going' (ascent) and 'coming' (descent) of (groups of) two or more svaras, in equal temporal

TRANSLATION 109 That which is gradually 'brightened' (made 'higher') is prasannādi (low in the beginning). Pronounced in the reverse⁹⁰ order it itself is called prasannānta. (138) Prasannādyanta is so desired (named) on account of there being 'low'-ness in the beginning and end. Prasannamadhya is so-called or so-named because of there being 'low'-ness in the middle. (139) Sama should be known (as such) on account of the equality of all (svaras) and it also stays or stops on one svara alone. Bindu comes back after having touched the 'high' composed of one kalā 91 (mātrā). (140) And nivitta-pravitta comes (back) after touching the 'low' (svara). And that which is with a sporting laya (roughly tempo) is called venu. (141) Kampita is known as such on account of shake in the chest-region (low svaras) for three kalās 92 (time-units). Kuhara is born (on account of) obstructed air in the throat (middle svaras). In the same way, recita is situated in the head (cerebrum) with shake in three kalās (time-units) (142, 143 ab). Prenkholita is that which sets forth in 'going' (ascent) and 'coming' (descent). (143 \text{ cd}) That which is the svara of the throat below (the cerebrum) is called tara, that which is seated in the chest is mandra, in the cerebrum is said to be tāratara. (144) The octave (tāra),93 fourth or fifth which comes (down) in successive order should be known by the wise as taramandraprasanna subsisting in the 'low' (mandra). (145) Omitting the subsequent (svaras) (and) gradually reaching the tara (high) from low should be known by the wise as mandratāraprasanna on account of (146) ascent. Gradually increasing by one svara (in each step) should be known to be named prastāra. Prastāra may become prasāda when it is gradually held back (i.e. comes down). (147)