svaras technical_term

Dictionary: not in dictionary · Pages: 5 · Occurrences: 3 · Affirmations: 6 · Graph degree: 437 (in 426, out 11)

Variants (2): Svara (2), svaras (1)

Generative rules (2) ↗ filter all

svara_definition_and_eternity definition · 4 att.
Svara (interval) is the colouring/delighting component of rāga (through specific svara, varṇa, dhvani); svara is eternal/indestructible; classified fourfold beg
R_5p2_1325 structural · 1 att.
Rāga bhāṣās can be complete (pūrṇasvara) or partial with respect to their svara constitution

Pseudocode (DSL v1.1) ↗ full DSL (raw text)

RULE id: svaras (cluster 1325)
SCOPE: technical_term family
STATUS: empirical
CONFIDENCE: empirical
PROTECT: false

Essence pseudocode — identity + RECORD. The page citations for each slot value are in the Grammar record table above (audit trail). The full DSL adds ASSERTIONS with verbatim quotes (see Affirmations below) and CITED_RULES (see Graph relations).

Graph relations

Outgoing (11)

--[structural]--> Kalā (1)--[attribution]--> bhāṣā (1)--[structural]--> bhāṣā (1)--[structural]--> S Rāj (1)--[attribution]--> jāti (1)--[relation]--> dhvani (1)--[relation]--> śrutis (1)--[relation]--> varṇa (1)--[enumeration]--> vādin (1)--[relation]--> rāga (1)--[structural]--> rāga (1)

Incoming (316)

caccatpuṭa --[structural]--> (8)mūrchanā --[structural]--> (6)aṁśa --[structural]--> (5)ṣāḍava --[structural]--> (5)bhinnakaiśika --[structural]--> (5)aṁśa --[definition]--> (4)prastāra --[definition]--> (4)auduvita --[structural]--> (4)śrutis --[structural]--> (4)mūrchanā --[relation]--> (3)aṁśa --[relation]--> (3)nyāsa --[structural]--> (3)sangati --[definition]--> (3)Kohala --[attribution]--> (3)ekakala --[structural]--> (3)krama --[definition]--> (3)sama --[definition]--> (3)kuhara --[definition]--> (3)şādava --[definition]--> (3)parivartaka --[structural]--> (3)madhyamagrāma --[structural]--> (2)vibhāṣā --[structural]--> (2)kākalī --[relation]--> (2)apanyāsa --[structural]--> (2)mandra --[definition]--> (2)Dattilam --[attribution]--> (2)gāndhāra --[relation]--> (2)caccatpuṭa --[relation]--> (2)jāti --[relation]--> (2)pañcama --[structural]--> (2)tāra --[enumeration]--> (2)Varņa --[attribution]--> (2)dvikala --[structural]--> (2)samvādin --[relation]--> (2)mārdava --[definition]--> (2)krama --[structural]--> (2)गान्धारपञ्चमी --[enumeration]--> (2)svarāntara --[definition]--> (2)ārohin --[structural]--> (2)vastu --[structural]--> (2)huṅkāra --[structural]--> (2)मध्यमोदीच्यवा --[enumeration]--> (2)Tumburu --[relation]--> (2)vivādi-maṇḍala --[structural]--> (2)sthāyin --[definition]--> (2)ākṣiptaka --[structural]--> (2)Brahaspati --[attribution]--> (2)गान्धारोदीच्यवा --[enumeration]--> (2)vṛtta --[structural]--> (2)pāṭas --[relation]--> (2)tenakas --[relation]--> (2)Sārngadeva --[attribution]--> (2)Mūrchanā-maṇḍala --[structural]--> (2)vamsa --[structural]--> (2)āvartaka --[structural]--> (2)sandhipracchādana --[structural]--> (2)mandratāraprasanna --[definition]--> (2)Gita --[attribution]--> (2)ṣāḍavita --[structural]--> (2)Šuddhā gīti --[definition]--> (2)balavan --[structural]--> (2)madhyama --[attribution]--> (2)anuvāditva --[definition]--> (2)सप्तस्वरमूर्छना --[enumeration]--> (2)गान्धारस्य --[structural]--> (2)मध्यमस्य --[enumeration]--> (2)पञ्चमस्य --[structural]--> (2)धैवतस्य --[structural]--> (2)निषादस्यापि --[structural]--> (2)nivṛttapravṛtta --[definition]--> (2)sampradāna --[structural]--> (2)rāga --[definition]--> (2)mūrchanā --[definition]--> (1)mūrchanā --[enumeration]--> (1)BRHADDEŚĪ --[structural]--> (1)nyāsa --[definition]--> (1)nyāsa --[relation]--> (1)vibhāṣā --[enumeration]--> (1)Bharata --[attribution]--> (1)Bharata --[citation]--> (1)Abhinavagupta --[attribution]--> (1)bhāṣā --[definition]--> (1)bhāṣā --[relation]--> (1)bhāṣā --[structural]--> (1)prastāra --[structural]--> (1)Kallinātha --[attribution]--> (1)ṣāḍava --[relation]--> (1)raktagāndhārī --[structural]--> (1)kaiśikī --[structural]--> (1)kārmāravī --[structural]--> (1)gāndhārī --[relation]--> (1)gāndhārī --[structural]--> (1)gāndhāra --[structural]--> (1)dhruvā --[enumeration]--> (1)dhruvā --[structural]--> (1)sadjagrāma --[structural]--> (1)Caccatpuța --[relation]--> (1)prasannādi --[definition]--> (1)bindu --[definition]--> (1)bindu --[structural]--> (1)dhvani --[relation]--> (1)mālavapañcama --[citation]--> (1)tāra --[definition]--> (1)tāra --[structural]--> (1)lakṣaṇa --[structural]--> (1)alaṅkāra --[relation]--> (1)Varņa --[definition]--> (1)Varņa --[enumeration]--> (1)hexatonic --[structural]--> (1)Sañcārin --[definition]--> (1)desi --[definition]--> (1)birudas --[relation]--> (1)śrutis --[enumeration]--> (1)Sañcāra --[relation]--> (1)Nārada --[attribution]--> (1)Nārada --[relation]--> (1)samvādin --[definition]--> (1)samvādin --[structural]--> (1)saindhavī --[structural]--> (1)paurālī --[definition]--> (1)samvāda --[definition]--> (1)samvāda --[structural]--> (1)dhātus --[relation]--> (1)pada --[enumeration]--> (1)Grāma-mūrchanā --[enumeration]--> (1)tāna --[definition]--> (1)tāna --[structural]--> (1)sthāna --[definition]--> (1)sthāna --[relation]--> (1)kampita --[definition]--> (1)kampita --[structural]--> (1)recita --[definition]--> (1)vinyāsa --[definition]--> (1)गान्धारपञ्चमी --[structural]--> (1)samnyāsa --[definition]--> (1)auduva --[definition]--> (1)auduva --[structural]--> (1)mārga --[relation]--> (1)antaramārga --[definition]--> (1)varṇa --[relation]--> (1)vādin --[enumeration]--> (1)vādin --[structural]--> (1)avarohin --[definition]--> (1)avarohin --[structural]--> (1)ārohin --[definition]--> (1)sādhāraņa --[definition]--> (1)Dodhaka --[structural]--> (1)gamaka --[structural]--> (1)Nāda --[relation]--> (1)anuvādin --[relation]--> (1)anuvādin --[structural]--> (1)sama --[relation]--> (1)prenkholita --[definition]--> (1)varņasvara --[definition]--> (1)Pratāpavardhana --[definition]--> (1)śuddhā --[definition]--> (1)vikṛtā --[structural]--> (1)षड्जमध्यमा --[enumeration]--> (1)samvādī --[relation]--> (1)vardhamāna --[structural]--> (1)षाडवा --[definition]--> (1)vivādin --[relation]--> (1)Sauvīrī --[relation]--> (1)Sauvīrī --[structural]--> (1)dvipathaka --[structural]--> (1)kāku --[definition]--> (1)Maheśvara --[citation]--> (1)āyatatva --[definition]--> (1)tādātmya --[definition]--> (1)tādātmya --[relation]--> (1)cakras --[relation]--> (1)sthāyin --[structural]--> (1)prasāda --[definition]--> (1)udvāhita --[definition]--> (1)upalolaka --[definition]--> (1)bhinnapaurālī --[attribution]--> (1)audava --[definition]--> (1)alpatva --[definition]--> (1)bahutva --[definition]--> (1)Śruti-bhinna --[definition]--> (1)Svarārtha --[relation]--> (1)षड्जकैशिकी --[structural]--> (1)vivādī --[relation]--> (1)vivādī --[structural]--> (1)şādava --[structural]--> (1)svara-jāti --[relation]--> (1)svara-jāti --[structural]--> (1)uttara --[definition]--> (1)lakşya --[attribution]--> (1)vesara --[definition]--> (1)छेवाटी --[structural]--> (1)औडुविता --[definition]--> (1)prathamamañjarī --[structural]--> (1)dohyā --[structural]--> (1)śukacańcu --[definition]--> (1)vicitra --[definition]--> (1)pratitāla --[relation]--> (1)dhaivata --[structural]--> (1)Pada-giti --[enumeration]--> (1)arcika --[definition]--> (1)arcika --[enumeration]--> (1)vamsa --[relation]--> (1)paribhāṣā --[definition]--> (1)ragatva --[relation]--> (1)gāthika --[definition]--> (1)sāmika --[definition]--> (1)sampūrņa --[definition]--> (1)ग्राममूर्छनाप्रकरणम् --[relation]--> (1)pravesa --[definition]--> (1)pravesa --[relation]--> (1)nigraha --[definition]--> (1)hrādamāna --[definition]--> (1)hrādamāna --[structural]--> (1)ranjita --[definition]--> (1)ranjita --[structural]--> (1)āvartaka --[definition]--> (1)sandhipracchādana --[definition]--> (1)vidhuta --[definition]--> (1)vidhuta --[structural]--> (1)gātravarņa --[definition]--> (1)Nişkūjita --[definition]--> (1)निषादवत्यार्षभी --[enumeration]--> (1)श्रुतिग्रह --[definition]--> (1)audavita --[structural]--> (1)anauduvita --[definition]--> (1)adhara --[definition]--> (1)Bhinnā gīti --[definition]--> (1)gaudakaiśika rāga --[structural]--> (1)vega-svaras --[definition]--> (1)narta-rāga --[definition]--> (1)śaka --[structural]--> (1)पौराली --[attribution]--> (1)bāngālī --[structural]--> (1)Kālingī --[structural]--> (1)Viśālā --[structural]--> (1)Kārņāţī --[structural]--> (1)kalahamsa --[definition]--> (1)Krauńcapada --[structural]--> (1)hayalīlā --[definition]--> (1)simhalilā --[definition]--> (1)tena --[relation]--> (1)śarabhalīla --[structural]--> (1)Tribhaṅgi --[definition]--> (1)Bandhakarana --[definition]--> (1)muraja --[relation]--> (1)sadjamadhyamā --[structural]--> (1)हयलीला --[structural]--> (1)त्रिभङ्गि --[enumeration]--> (1)कलहंसक --[structural]--> (1)चक्रवाल --[structural]--> (1)śuddhā states --[structural]--> (1)paryāyāmsas --[definition]--> (1)madhyama --[relation]--> (1)madhyama --[structural]--> (1)Varņa-alaṅkāra --[enumeration]--> (1)vivartatva --[definition]--> (1)kāryatva --[definition]--> (1)pariņāmitā --[definition]--> (1)abhivyañjakatā --[definition]--> (1)nabhas --[relation]--> (1)vyākulita --[definition]--> (1)asādhāraņa --[attribution]--> (1)vyāpaka --[definition]--> (1)ākāra --[relation]--> (1)sama-śrutikatva --[definition]--> (1)vādi-maņdala --[enumeration]--> (1)anuvādi-maņdala --[enumeration]--> (1)vivāditva --[relation]--> (1)vivāditva --[structural]--> (1)sadja --[definition]--> (1)svara-grāma --[relation]--> (1)ganatmika vak --[definition]--> (1)dvipas --[relation]--> (1)antara-svaras --[relation]--> (1)Satayajña --[relation]--> (1)पूर्णा --[definition]--> (1)साधारणा --[definition]--> (1)kosthakas --[definition]--> (1)rajanī --[relation]--> (1)tāna-prayoga --[definition]--> (1)vyutkrama --[definition]--> (1)व्युत्क्रमा --[definition]--> (1)तानविधानं --[structural]--> (1)Nandikeśvara --[attribution]--> (1)अश्वक्रान्ता --[structural]--> (1)अभिरुद्गता --[structural]--> (1)सौवीरी --[structural]--> (1)हरिणाश्वा --[structural]--> (1)कलोपनता --[structural]--> (1)शुद्धमध्या --[structural]--> (1)मार्गी --[structural]--> (1)पौरवी --[structural]--> (1)हृष्यका --[structural]--> (1)वर्णा --[definition]--> (1)nivṛttapravṛtta --[structural]--> (1)tāramandra-prasanna --[definition]--> (1)niṣkūjita --[attribution]--> (1)parivartaka --[definition]--> (1)udghațțita --[citation]--> (1)udghațțita --[structural]--> (1)udgita --[definition]--> (1)Gandharva Tantra --[citation]--> (1)vyañjana --[relation]--> (1)Urdhvanāḍī --[relation]--> (1)Nāradīya Šikṣā --[relation]--> (1)Kokilā --[enumeration]--> (1)Cātaka --[enumeration]--> (1)Kraunīca --[enumeration]--> (1)SRI --[citation]--> (1)pūrņasvaratā --[relation]--> (1)apūrņasvaratā --[relation]--> (1)mandrakriyā --[definition]--> (1)tārakriyā --[definition]--> (1)uddista --[definition]--> (1)nasta --[definition]--> (1)uthrama --[definition]--> (1)

Affirmations (6)

attribution

p.vol_I_p024

sanskrit

conf 0.95

[show source]

Svara is infinite on account of its combination with jāti, bhāṣā and other elements

""ज?ातिभाषादिसंयोगादनन्तः कीर्तितः स्वरः।"

BRHADDEŚI 30 तथा चाह कोहलः — "ज?ातिभाषादिसंयोगादनन्तः कीर्तितः स्वरः। ॰पदैर्युक्तस्त्वलमिति कृतौ योज?्यो रसेष्वपि"।। इति। 。स्ता。 ना नित्योऽविनाशी। व्यापकः सर्वगतः। तथा चाह कोहलः — "ऊर्ध्वनाडीप्रयत्नेन सर्वीभत्तिनिघट्टनात्। मुर्छितो ध्वनिरामुर्ध्नः स्वरोऽसौ व्यापकः परः"।। [ अनु. १७ ] ननु षड्ज?ादीना कथं स्वरत्वम् ? व्यञ्जनत्वात्। यदि व्यञ्जनाना स्वरत्वमभिधीयते, तदानी कादीनामेवास्तु स्वरत्वम्। अत्रोच्यते — असाधारणत्वात् षड्ज?ादीनामेव स्वरत्वं न कादीनामिति। ननु षड्ज?ादीनामसाधारणत्वं कथम् ? आप्तोपदेशात् षड्ज?ादीनामसाधारणत्वम्। तथा चाह कोहले महेश्वरः- ｡लः "षड्ज? वदति मयूर ऋषभं चातको वदेत्। अजा वदित गान्धारं क्रौञ्चो वदित मध्यमम्।। श्नित पुष्पसाधारणे काले कोकिलः पञ्चमं वदेत्। प्रावृद्काले तु सम्प्राप्ते धैवतं दर्दुरो वदेत्।। सर्वदा च तथा देवि। निषादं वदते गजः॥" यद्वा ऊर्ध्वध्वनिगामित्वेन षड्ज?ादीनामेवासाधारणत्वमिति, अथवा ₄व षड्ज?ादयः स्वरा न भवन्ति, आकारादय एव स्वरा। षड्ज?ादयस्तु तेषामाकारादीनामुच्चारणार्थमिति।

enumeration

p.vol_I_p007

english

conf 0.93

[show source]

Svaras are characterized by fourfold classification types beginning with vādin

"The fourfoldness of svaras according to kinds beginning with vādin"

relation

p.vol_II_p047

english

conf 0.93

[show source]

Svara (interval) is a component through which rāga colours or delights the mind of the good

"That which colours or delights the mind of the good through a specific svara (interval) and varṇa (melodic movement) or through a type of dhvani (sound) is known by the wise as rāga."

relation

p.vol_I_p020

english

conf 0.92

[show source]

Śrutis are the cause of the manifestation of svara

"Srutis that are the cause of the manifestation of svara"

structural

p.vol_II_p143

english

conf 0.85

[show source]

svaras are the fundamental pitch elements that constitute rāga bhāṣās, which can be complete or partial

"Reading in Kalā (appendix) on SR II. p. 134. S Rāj II.2.1.820 f reads-' pūrņasvaroditā 'i.e. complete in svaras."

PÄTHAVIMARŚA 269 उद्भटप्रायगमका पङ्जग्रामसमाश्रया ॥ भाषा मध्यमदेहेयं ..... ibid 761, 762. 44. P.t. adds here the following line which is out of place and has, therefore, been dropped by us - अतःपरं प्रवक्ष्यामि लक्षणं च समासतः। 45. Reconstruction based on S.Rāj II.2.1.120 where potā is enumer- ated as a vibhāṣā of ṭakka (rāga) and ibid 826, reading as - पञ्चमांशग्रहा पड्जन्यासा याष्टिकसम्मता । मध्यमग्रामगा पूर्णा पोता नाम विभाषिका ॥ 46. The notation after this point has been read in p. t. as the initial part of the illustration of paurālī that follows. 47. 'Paurālī' is not included in the enumeration of the bhāṣās of mālavakaišika in our text (verses 21, 22) and hence it has not been given any number here, but S Rāj II.2.1.120c and SR II.1.33d do so, probably, according to the opinion of Yāstika. 48. Reconstruction based on Kalā (appendix) on SR II, p.139, reading as - शुद्धा प्रहर्षे नियुक्ता ज?ाता मालवकैशिके । 49. Reconstruction based on SR II.1.33d, S Rāj II.2.1.995d and Kalā (appendix) on SR II, p. 139 all of which read 'ardhavesarī'. 50. SR II.2.188d and S Rāj II.2.1.969d describe it as being devoid of dhaivata. S Rāj ibid also mentions that it is complete according to Yāṣṭika. 51. Read as bāṅgālī in S Rāj II.2.1.993c and Kalā (appendix) on SR II, p.138. S Rāj II.2.1.966 describes another bhāṣā under mālavakaišika, bearing the same name bāṅgālī. Kalā (appendix) on SR II reads māṅgalī for the bhāṣā other than bāṅgālī. Our text bears similarity with the first one in S Rāj and Kalā. 52. Reconstruction based on S Rāj II.2.1.993c; reading in Kalā (appendix) on SR II, p. 138 speaks of the samvāda of ri-ni. 53. cf.(i) मालवे कैशिकेऽप्यस्ति सैन्धवी मृदुपञ्चमा ॥ समन्द्रा निगनिर्मुक्ता पङ्जन्यासग्रहांशिका । प्रयोज?्या सर्वभावेषु श्रीसोढलसुतोदिता ॥ SR II.2. 180 cd, 181. (ii) पड्जग्रहांशकन्यासा पड्जग्रामकृताश्रया । गनिहीना पभूयिष्ठा समन्द्रा तारपञ्चमा ॥ सर्वभावनियोगार्हा ज?ाता मालवकैशिकात् । औडुवा सैन्यवी भाषा कालसेनेन वर्णिता । सम्पूर्णामेतामाचष्ट्र याष्ट्रिको मुनिपुङ्गयः॥ S Rāj II.2.1.986, 987.

structural

p.vol_I_p024

english

conf 0.95

[show source]

Svara is eternal and indestructible

"It is eternal i.e. indestructible."

31 TRANSLATION It is being said (answered) - It is one and many, pervasive6 and eternal.7 In the undifferentiated state there is one svara; in the form of sadja and the like svara is many. Similarly also said Kohala - "Svara is said to be infinite" on account of (its) combination with jāti, bhāṣā etc. It is combined with padas 9 (syllabic units, meaningful or non-sensical) and is to be combined with alankāra10 and (used in) rasas." 11 (It is) eternal i.e. indestructible. 12 (It is) pervasive i.e. sarvagata 13 (contained in or permeating everything). Similarly said Kohala - "By the effort of the ūrdhvanāḍīs14 on account of rubbing or striking of all 'walls', the sound that grows upto the cerebrum, is svara, it is vyāpaka (pervasive) (and) para (beyond).15 (Anu. 17) But how is the svaratva 16 of (svara-names) şadja and the like, on account of their being consonants? If the svaratva of consonants is spoken of, then there should be the svaratva of (consonants) beginning with ka? Here it is being said (answered) that there is the svaratva of only şadja and the like on account of their being asādhāraņa 17 (lit. uncommon, special), not of (consonants) beginning with ka. But why (or how) is the uncommon or special nature of sadja and the like? (Answer) - on account of the upadesa 18 (speaking of) by the aptas (trusted ones) the asadharanatva (uncommonness, special nature) of svaras is there. So did say Maheśvara19 in Kohala — "The peacock speaks şadja, the cātaka (bird) speaks ṛṣabha, the goat speaks gāndhāra, the kraunca (bird) speaks madhyama, in the puspasādhāraņa time (common time for flowers i. e. Spring) kokilā speaks pañcama, when the rainy season approaches, dardura (the frog) speaks dhaivata. O Devi ! in the same way, the elephant always speaks niṣāda." Or, only sadja and the like have uncommonness or special nature because of their movement in upward sound, or şadja and the like are not svaras, only (vowels) beginning with ākāra 20 are svaras. şadja and the like are there for the pronunciation of (vowels) beginning with ākāra, so (it is said).