vol_II_p074 — Bṛhaddeśī

Bṛhaddeśī · Volume II

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Devanāgarī

10 · 电电路电路 200 · 100

[चतुर्थोऽध्यायः]

अथ भाषालक्षणम् १[भाषा-निरूपणारम्भः] कि. याष्टिकमते भाषालक्षणम्] [याष्ट्रिक उवाच]¹

ग्रामरागा मया सर्वे कथिता लक्षणान्विताः।

भाषाणा तु प्रवक्ष्यामि लक्षणं च ततः शृणु ॥१॥

भाषा[र]चतुर्विधा प्रोक्ता मूलसङ्कीर्णदेशजाः।

छायामात्राश्रया प्रोक्ता³ ग्रामरागे व्यवस्थिता⁶ ॥२॥ [काश्यप उवाच]²

कीदृशी तु भवेद् भाषा सङ्कीर्णा देशजा तथा ।

देशजातरे छायामात्रानुगा प्रोक्ता ग्रहांशन्याससंयुता⁷ ॥३॥

कतमा षाडवा तत्र कतमौडुविता भवेत्।

पूर्णा तु कतमा ज?्ञेया साधारणकृता तु सा ॥४॥

ग्रामरागेषु का कुत्र कीदृशी गीयते जनैः ।

गी(तये?यते) कतमा प्राप्यते भाषा विभाषा कतमा भवेत्⁸ ॥५॥

कतमाऽन्तरभाषा वै कतमा स्यादनुक्रमात्⁴।

एतन्मे ब्रूहि तत्त्वेन महत् कौतूहलं हि मे ॥६॥

[याष्ट्रिक उवाच]

शृणुष्वावहितो भूत्वा भाषालक्षणमुत्तमम्।

यत् पृथिव्या प्रयत्नेन गीयते गीतवेदिभिः⁹ ।।।।।

प्रकाशं न च लक्ष्यन्ते यत्नहीनैस्तु गायकैः¹⁰।

प्रगीतास्तु प्रसिध्यन्ति सुस्वराणा विशेषतः¹¹ ॥८॥

English — Sharma

[Chapter IV]

Now the definition of bhāṣās

[The beginning of the treatment of bhāṣās]

[A. Bhāṣās according to Yāṣṭika]

[Thus spoke Yāṣṭika¹]

I have spoken of all grāma-rāgas endowed with characteristics (lakṣaṇas). After this, I shall speak of the description of bhāṣās? Now listen.

(1)

Bhāṣās have been said to be four-fold viz. mūlā (basic) sankīrņā (mixed), <math>^4</math> deśajā<math>^5</math> (regional) (and) chāyāmātrāśrayā<math>^6</math> (based on the chāyā of a rāga ), arranged in a grāma-rāga in each case.

(2)

[Thus said Kaśyapa]

What is the nature of bhāṣā? Sankīrṇā, deśajā and chāyāmātrānugā (exclusively following the chāyā of a rāga) have been said to be combined with graha, amśa and nyāsa.

(3)

Which one is hexatonic there and which one is pentatonic? Which one, on the other hand, is complete and that which has 'sādhāraṇa'??

(4)

Which one, of what nature, where in grāma-rāgas, is sung by people? Which one is obtained as bhāṣā and which one is vibhāṣā⁸ 8?

(5)

Which one is antara-bhāṣā ⁹ and which one falls in sequence?⁴ Tell me this in essence; I have great curiosity.

(6)

Thus said Yāşţika - Listen with attention the excellent description of bhāṣā which is sung with effort on the earth by the knowledgeable ones in music.⁹ 10

(7)

These (bhāṣās) are not perceived obviously by the singers who do not put in effort.¹⁰ 11 When sung properly, they become well-known, specially to those who are endowed with a tuneful voice.¹¹

(8)

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Sanskrit attestations (11)

1.[attribution] ⇄Yāṣṭika is the author/speaker presenting the definition of bhāṣās[याष्ट्रिक उवाच]

2.[attribution] ⇄Kaśyapa poses questions about the nature and classification of bhāṣās[काश्यप उवाच]

3.[enumeration]The four varieties of bhāṣā are: basic, mixed, regional, and based on the chāyā of a rāgaभाषा[र]चतुर्विधा प्रोक्ता मूलसङ्कीर्णदेशजाः। छायामात्राश्रया प्रोक्ता

4.[enumeration] ⇄Antara-bhāṣā is a distinct type of bhāṣā that falls in sequenceकतमाऽन्तरभाषा वै कतमा स्यादनुक्रमात्

5.[enumeration] ⇄Bhāṣās are four-fold in classificationभाषा[र]चतुर्विधा प्रोक्ता मूलसङ्कीर्णदेशजाः। छायामात्राश्रया प्रोक्ता ग्रामरागे व्यवस्थिता

6.[relation] ⇄Bhāṣās are arranged in grāma-rāgasग्रामरागे व्यवस्थिता

7.[relation] ⇄Sankīrņā, deśajā and chāyāmātrānugā bhāṣās are combined with graha, aṁśa and nyāsaछायामात्रानुगा प्रोक्ता ग्रहांशन्याससंयुता

8.[relation] ⇄Vibhāṣā is distinguished from bhāṣā as a separate categoryकतमा प्राप्यते भाषा विभाषा कतमा भवेत्

9.[structural] ⇄Bhāṣās are sung with effort by knowledgeable musiciansयत् पृथिव्या प्रयत्नेन गीयते गीतवेदिभिः

10.[structural] ⇄Bhāṣās are not perceived obviously by singers who do not put in effortप्रकाशं न च लक्ष्यन्ते यत्नहीनैस्तु गायकैः

11.[structural] ⇄When sung properly, bhāṣās become well-known, especially to those with tuneful voicesप्रगीतास्तु प्रसिध्यन्ति सुस्वराणा विशेषतः

English attestations (10)

1.[attribution]Yāṣṭika is the author/speaker presenting the definition of bhāṣās[Thus spoke Yāṣṭika]

2.[attribution]Kaśyapa poses questions about the nature and classification of bhāṣās[Thus said Kaśyapa]

4.[enumeration]Antara-bhāṣā is a distinct type of bhāṣā that falls in sequenceWhich one is antara-bhāṣā and which one falls in sequence?

5.[enumeration]Bhāṣās are four-fold in classificationBhāṣās have been said to be four-fold viz. mūlā (basic) sankīrņā (mixed), deśajā (regional) (and) chāyāmātrāśrayā (based on the chāyā of a rāga )

6.[relation]Bhāṣās are arranged in grāma-rāgasarranged in a grāma-rāga in each case.

7.[relation]Sankīrņā, deśajā and chāyāmātrānugā bhāṣās are combined with graha, aṁśa and nyāsaSankīrṇā, deśajā and chāyāmātrānugā (exclusively following the chāyā of a rāga) have been said to be combined with graha, aṁśa and nyāsa.

8.[relation]Vibhāṣā is distinguished from bhāṣā as a separate categoryWhich one is obtained as bhāṣā and which one is vibhāṣā

9.[structural]Bhāṣās are sung with effort by knowledgeable musicianswhich is sung with effort on the earth by the knowledgeable ones in music.

10.[structural]Bhāṣās are not perceived obviously by singers who do not put in effortThese (bhāṣās) are not perceived obviously by the singers who do not put in effort.

11.[structural]When sung properly, bhāṣās become well-known, especially to those with tuneful voicesWhen sung properly, they become well-known, specially to those who are endowed with a tuneful voice.

← II p073 index II p075 →