BŖHADDEŚĪ 8. This seems to be a situation in drama. 9. This is a rare case of a bhāṣā being said to be sung by a divine being. 10. 'Trapavīra' has been interpreted by us 'as women excelling in bashfulness' or 'men excelling in fame 'on the basis of the double meaning of 'trapā' viz. bashfulness and fame. Since it is not clear whether women or men are intended, we have given two alternatives. 11. The region implied is not clear. 12. ' Kāminī' has been rendered as 'amorous woman'. 13. The mention of a rasa in the viniyoga of a bhāṣā is a rare phenomenon. 14. This is an unconventional viniyoga. 15. 'Corruption on account of disease' is the only possible rendering of 'vyādhiduṣṭa', if the reading 'vyādhidaṣṭa' is accepted, then 'those afflicted with disease 'would be a plausible rendering. 16. This also is an unconventional viniyoga. 17. See note 44 on trāvaņī in the previous section. 18. 'Worship of deities' is notable as a viniyoga. 19. The viniyoga of a bhāṣā in yajāa is notable. 20. Kauśala could be identified as Kośala which is known to be "Oudh (Awadh); it was divided into two kingdoms called north Kośala (Bahraich district) and Kośala. The capital of the latter was Kuśavati founded by Kuśa and the capital of the former was Śrāvastī. Dakṣiṇa Kośala is identified with Gondwana, including the eastern portion of the Central Provinces (Chattisgarh of present Madhya Pradesh)" (Nando Lal De). 21. 'Door-keepers' as a part of viniyoga is a new addition. 22. A bhāṣā being based directly on grāma is not easy to comprehend. 23. The quality of the mind of the character to be portrayed is a new approach. 24, 'Due order' is not clear. 25. Niṣādavatikā is the same as niṣādavatī which is also the name of a jāti (Naisādī). 26. Tumburu is the name of a gandharva who is an authority on music. The association of a bhāṣā with his name is notable. 27. The statement describing "expounders of Veda" as being involved in singing a bhāṣā, presents a notable point. 28. The rituals devoted to the manes seem to be under reference. 29. Śuddhā appears to be a common name, but here it has been used as a proper name. 30. Nārada is both a gandharva and devarși, his being associated with

a bhāṣā is something that deserves special notice. 31. 'Pārvatī' is associated with parvata or mountains; whether or not a particular mountainous region is implied, is hard to confirm. "Parvata is 1. a country in the Panjab to the north-west of Multan between the Ravi and Sutlej. 2. same as Śrīśaila" (Nando Lal De ). It is difficult to say whether the mountains in general or a particular mountainous region or either of the two identifications cited above is intended. (Desī rāgas) 1. This verse bears a distinct stamp of the Tantric stream and is significant on account of being placed in the beginning of the chapter on desī rāgas. It could be conjectured on the evidence of this verse and on other evidence also that our author gave rāga-dhyānas for deśī rāgas (see Vol.III). 2. Deśī rāgas are contradistinct to grāmarāgas. 3. Reference to laksya in the context of desi rāgas points to the fact that they must have been in vogue in the author's time. 4. The citation in the name of Matanga given by Kalli, in his commentary on SR II.2.1. also mentions these three types of desī-rāgas, but Sārngadeva has added a fourth category named upānga. 5. 'Chāyā' is subtle similarity. 6. The special mention of panegyric in the context of bhāṣāṅga rāgas is worth noticing. 7. 'Bhāṣā 'here would include vibhāṣā and antara-bhāṣā. 8. 'Kriyā' seems to stand for expressive rendering. 9. Karuņā and utsāha are two pervasive names that symbolise mādhurya and ojas respectively (See Vol. III). 10. The text is mutilated at this point and a small portion on bhāṣāṅga rāgas seems to have survived. 11. Kacchelli could perhaps, be related to Kacch (Cutch); "it was called Marukaccha in contradistinction to Kausiki-kaccha". (Nando Lal De). 12. Māngalī has been described as a bhāṣā in the preceding section. 13. Bhammāṇa is not known as a region. 14. 'Pulindikā' refers directly to the ethnic group known as the pulindas. 15. Gāndhārasindhu is mentioned as a bhāṣāṅga rāga in S Rāj II.2.3.203, but is said to be out of vogue and is not, therefore, described. 16. Karņātī is described in S Raj II.2.3.208, but the laksaņas are different.